The Intent Behind the Enuma Elish (Creation Epic) Essay -- Enuma Elish

The Intent Behind the Enuma Elish The Enuma Elish, often known as The Creation Epic, is often considered the primary source of Mesopotamian cosmology. However, to view the Enuma Elish as a cosmological myth obscures the true intent of the epics author. The cosmological elements of the Enuma Elish are secondary to the authors effort to explain the supremacy of Marduk, to exempt absolute oriental monarchy, and to defend Babylon as the axis mundi. The Enuma Elish was composed in Babylonin the early second millennium B.C.E. The decay of Sumerian civilization allowed the Old-Babylonian Empire to pay off the cultural and political center of Mesopotamia. Babylon was governed by absolute and despotic kings capable of wielding enough power to ensure the continued existence of massive building projects and large-scale irrigation. The harsh environment of Mesopotamia often necessitated the absolute rule by a king powerful enough to command the resources required to maintain civilization. The poet behind the Enuma Elish sought-after(a) to justify the position and government of Ba...

Putting a Face on Freedom :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Putting a Face on FreedomWhat is Freedom? Freedom in and of itself defies definition since its very essence and parameters can be shown only with its constraints and limitations. If one state of being is unable to stand on its own merits and must rely on another to have structure, can it neer truly be free. Therein lies the irony freedom is forever encapsulated by its limitations, regardless of its range. Without evident barriers, it could not exist. If it is within barriers, can it truly exist? This motif will discuss the existence of freedom and several of its forms. Although much sought after, gaining freedom usually involves strife and war. With the splitting of the Catholic Church in the Reformation, legion(predicate) restraints on science, religion and education vanish, causing a rebirth of knowledge and philosophical thought. Although fragmented, the Catholic Church is by no means vanquished, so requisite conflicts arise. The conflicts are not confined to the battlefi eld, though, they occur more often than not in the form of books and documents. With wars, famine and social upheaval accompanying the Reformation, men sometimes lament the passing of the former system (a unified Church) which, though imperfect, at least provides some stability. Thomas More, a critic of King Henry VIII, vigorously disguises his criticisms in his literature. He writes about a tightly regulated society, Utopia, where there are no social strata and people of all religious persuasions can have sex harmoniously with one another, to freely practice their religions without fear of reproach. Though there seems to be an abundance of freedom, including religious, there are a few hitchessuch as having to obtain permission from your father and wife before exploring the countryside, wearing the same clothing as everyone else, having no possibility for social advancement and compulsory theism (your weft of deities, however) he (Utopus) made a solemn and severe law against such as shouldthink that our souls died with our bodies, or that the world was governed by chance, without a wise overruling frugality (More, p. 747). Mores Utopia offers freedoms some might cherish, but others would find it unbearably restrictive. Even those of a religious bent might have looked askance at Utopias forced theism policy. Is it freedom? Some might think so if they believed freedom of religion didnt include freedom from religion.

America Must Learn to Respect the Elderly Essay -- Argumentative Persu

America Must Learn to Respect the ElderlyIt is blatantly evident that America is a country in which youth is king. Everyone wants to look young, feel young, and possess that youthful vigor and dynamism that is so highly respected by both the media and by the public. Our shelves are stocked with products to make us appear younger in any way, shape, or form our most public reality TV shows revolve around the lives of the young and beautiful. It seems that Americas population has forgotten that with luck, some day we bequeath all become older. We will become those wrinkly, slow, and uncannily wise beings that hover in the background of todays society. And what kind of life will we find once we reach that hidden point? Todays elderly are treated with resentment and antagonism that is in appalling opposition to the respect that they deserve. In many otherwise countries around the globe, especially in the East, growing older is an outward sign of ones increase in knowledge and experie nces. Because of this healthily accurate throw of aging, the process is seen as admirable grand...

The Devlopment of Modern Africa Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Development of Modern AfricaThere are over 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the wealth of natural resources and the prevalence of wealth in the northern segments of Africa have led many to speculate about the equity and frugalal development in the sub-Sahara. Unfortunately, the progression of economic, political and social factors in this domain have done weensy to improve the overall conditions, and have instead demonstrate a consistent bias towards the government and the social elites that has impacted the chances of successful development in the region. Since the end of adult male War II, changes in the infrastructure, the political forces, and in the capacity for collective action in many of these countries has underscored what some have described as the Africa crisis (Stryker, 1986).One of the major issues that still remain in this region is the history of development in the sub-Sahara, generally traced back to the history of British convention, and the relinq uishing of colonial control which led to greater regionalization. But there was little in place in terms of expansion planning or economic development in the period following the end of the Second World War, and it can be argued that the struggle for economic development is linked to existing and maintained inequities, based both on social conditioning and political control, that has corrupted the agrarian force and impacted the development of industrialization. During the 1980s, when many countries through out the world were experiencing the successful pull away from years of recession, the countries of the African sub-Sahara were not impacted by this positive transformation, and instead, it was posited that the decline in economic conditions would result in years of continued recession (Stryker, 1986). A number of theorists have attributed this crisis to different components of the politics, the economic base, and the social perspectives, as well as basic problems like the lowest world-wide life expectancy, lowest nutritional and literacy rates, lack of access to medical care, safe urine supplies, and support services, and high population growth coupled by the highest infant mortality rates in the world (Stryker, 1986). It has been recognized that of the 40-50 poorest counties of the world, most (2/3) are set(p) in the sub-Saha... ...ility, the perception that reforms could somehow promote a major transformation within the varied communities of the sub-Sahara placed too great an emphasis on the help of development and too little emphasis on the impact that the division itself would have on existing communities. Bibliography Berry, Sara (1992, Summer). Hegemony on a shoestring indirect rule and access to agricultural land. Africa, v62 n3, pp. 327(29).Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena (1992, May). Do African governments favor defense in budgeting? Journal of Peace Research, v29 n2, pp. 191(16).Jaycox, Edward (1993, March). Structural adjustment spurs African develo pment. Africa News, v38 n2-3, pp. 14(1).Lonsdale, J.M. (1970). Nationalism and Traditionalism in East Africa. in Collins, R., Ed. Problems in the History of Colonial Africa, 1860-1960. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc. Seitz, Steven (1991, January-April). The military in black African politics. Journal of Asian and African Studies, v26 n1-2, pp. 61(15).Stryker, Richard (1986). Poverty, inequality, and development choices in contemporary Africa. in Martin, P. and OMeara, P., Eds. Africa. Bloomington, IN Indiana University Press.

Instruments in worship? :: essays research papers

INSTRUMENTS IN WORSHIP?          One of the virtually debated issues in todays church is instruments in worship. There feature been many arguments for the use of instruments, plainly n superstar of which are accurate. The one debating for instruments must ignore biblical silence and add on to what God has ordained. The two most widely used arguments for instruments are there is no condemnation of the use of instruments and that instruments are used in the same manner as a visual aid is in preaching.     One can argue that there is no condemnation of worshipping with instruments. This is true. There is no text in the bible that says, thou shalt non use instruments. This argument is obviously faulty because of the parallels of this in the bible. Moses was told by God to speak to the rock and water would come out. God did not say for Moses not to strike the rock. Moses struck it and he was not allowed to see the promise l and but was to die in the wilderness (Numbers 208-11).      While they were eating, He took around bread and after He broke it, and gave it to them, and said, Take it this is my body. And when He had taken a cup and given thanks, He gave it to them, and they all drank from it. And He said to them, This is My personal line of credit of the covenant, which is poured out for many (Mark 14 22-24). We are commanded to use the fruit of the vine and unleavened bread for the Lords supper. We arent told not to use Pork and water, but that would not be the Lords supper. Mark 1616 says, He who believes and is baptized shall be saved, but he who does not believe is already condemned. It doesnt say that he who is not baptized is unsaved, but it is deducted from the statement that the one who is not baptized is unsaved.     It is not hard to see that this is a very(prenominal) week argument. Speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs , chirping and making melody with your heart to the Lord (Ephesians 519). If we are told to sing and not told to use instruments, then we are not allowed to use instruments. Biblical parallels prove this.     Another argument, and perhaps the best argument, states that using instruments is simply to assist ones

Instruments in worship? :: essays research papers

INSTRUMENTS IN WORSHIP?          One of the most debated issues in todays church is instruments in worship. in that respect have been many arguments for the use of instruments, but none of which atomic number 18 accurate. The one debating for instruments must ignore biblical silence and add on to what God has ordained. The ii most widely used arguments for instruments are there is no condemnation of the use of instruments and that instruments are used in the same manner as a visual aid is in preaching.     One can argue that there is no condemnation of worshipping with instruments. This is true. There is no text in the bible that interprets, cat valium shalt not use instruments. This argument is obviously faulty because of the parallels of this in the bible. Moses was told by God to speak to the rock and water would come out. God did not say for Moses not to strike the rock. Moses struck it and he was not allowed to se e the promise land but was to die in the wilderness (Numbers 208-11).      While they were eating, He took some bread and after He broke it, and gave it to them, and say, Take it this is my body. And when He had taken a cup and given thanks, He gave it to them, and they all drank from it. And He said to them, This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many (Mark 14 22-24). We are commanded to use the fruit of the vine and unleavened bread for the Lords supper. We arent told not to use porc and water, but that would not be the Lords supper. Mark 1616 says, He who call ups and is baptized shall be saved, but he who does not believe is already condemned. It doesnt say that he who is not baptized is unsaved, but it is deducted from the statement that the one who is not baptized is unsaved.     It is not hard to see that this is a very week argument. Speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and maki ng melody with your heart to the Lord (Ephesians 519). If we are told to sing and not told to use instruments, then we are not allowed to use instruments. Biblical parallels prove this.     Another argument, and perhaps the best argument, states that using instruments is simply to attend ones

The Predatory Organism: Bdellovibrio

Identifying the genes and the proteins to be expressed by this existence during cerebrate formation in the host cellular telephone go forth be of signifi posteriorce to bacteriology. The feasible implement of this information can be seen in the study done by Kadouri and Otoole. It was established in this report that B. bacteriovorus can be social occasiond as a control agent against certain biofilm communities. It was observed that biofilm populations of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens were significantly reduced when exposed to B. bacteriovorus.Since biofilm formation is unnecessary and damaging in some instances, ban of its formation can be done with natural elimination of the biofilm organisms, and that is through the inoculation of B. bacteriovorus. Another possible application of this predatory organism is through its use as an anti-microbial therapeutic agent. It had been suggested by Hobley et al. that the introduction of this organism to a microbial-infec ted wound can lead to the reduction of morbific organisms in the site of inoculation.In this way, the use of antibiotics can be avoided and possible resistance of disease-ca utilise organisms to the applied drug can be avoided. If the genes responsible for pore formation in the host cell pull up stakes be identified, the organism can be manipulated to increase the genes expression. These can then be enhanced and controlled in accordance to the desired amount and time of expression. II. Aims This musical composition aims to propose a method on how to determine the necessary and significant enzymes knotted in pore formation of the host cell by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus H100.The particular(prenominal) aims be as follows 1. Identify the genes of B. bacteriovorus H100 specifically expressed during pore formation in the host cell during the predatory deportment cycle phase of the organism exploitation time course Microarray analysis. 2. Identify specific hydrolytic enzymes expres sed by the identified genes of B. bacteriovorus H100 involved in pore formation on host cell membrane. III. Background The discovery of Bdellovibrio by Stolp and Starr in 1962 opened the scientific world to the dawn of a new organism- a bacterium which pigs on its own patient of (12).This bacterium is a curved rod, Gram negative organism classified under the group of delta-proteobacteria. It is a motile bacterium monotrichously flagellated obligately aerobic itsy-bitsy in size (0. 3 ? m in width and 1-2 ? m in length) and is obligately predatory. Its genome consists of 3. 85 mega base pairs. Most of these genes encode for enzymes involved in hydrolysis and flagella involved in host sensing (3). The best known species of Bdellovibrio is B. bacteriovorus, observed to prey on other Gram negative organisms such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Sphaerotilus natans and Pseudomonas fluorescens (1).The dissemination of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is observed in diverse environments ther efore, it is considered to be an ubiquitous bacterium. It was associated in dry environment such as the soil in wet locations such as brackish water, sewage, upstart water, pooled reservoirs and sea water and in unique microbial niches such as biofilms (3). The life cycle of this bacterium consists of ii symbolizes. The first fix up is the so-called free-swimming attack phase and the second stage is known as the intraperiplasmic replication phase. Figure 2 shows a graphical re prefaceation of these two stages.The life cycle of B. bacteriovorus takes about three hours to complete. For the initiation of the attack, the monotrichous flagellum is an important facet to consider. Movement is essential in finding the suitable host in the environment. The predatory organism moves towards a region with a high prey concentration. This process is meditated by chemotaxis. It can be seen from the illustration that a critical stage in the predation of B. bacteriovorus is the ability of the or ganism to penetrate its host bacterium. Upon contact with another Gram negative, B.bacteriovorus then forms a pore in the cell membrane of its host. Initial entrance of B. bacteriovorus is followed by the organisms penetration of the periplasm. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus then occupies the periplasmic space of the host cell (3). Without this phase, the other steps in the whole life cycle of the organism cannot be ensured to occur. Figure 3 and 4 shows an electronmicrograph of B. bacteriovorus attaching to a host cell. A specific strain of the bacterium, B. bacteriovorus HD100, was studied by Rendulic, et al. This strain of Bdellovibrio was order to have an unusually large genome.Though this bacterium preys on other Gram negative organisms, its genetic make-up did not comprise of any gene from its host. Furthermore, it was elucidated that the genes present in B. bacteriovorus HD100 be made up of gene families cryptology for enzymes such as hydrolases and transporters, important in the penetration and killing of the host. These genes also code for enzymes demand for uptake of complex molecules (6). One hurdle in studying the molecular characteristics of this organism is its host myrmecophilous nature. Without a suitable host, emersion cannot be ensured, thus, miniature of its genetic make-up may be difficult to achieve.Further studies utilise this bacterium revealed that Bdellovibrio can generate mutant cells that do not require host cells for growth and are therefore known as host independent (HI) strains. Despite this, they were able to retain the ability to grow on prey and hence are termed as facultative predators. For gene manipulation techniques, HI strains are usually use (8). Despite the fact that the complete genome of the organism was already sequenced, the specific genes coding for the needed enzymes to form pores in the host cell were still unidentified.With this lack of information, this study is formulated and designed. IV. Research Design a nd Methodology Culturing of B. bacteriovorus HD100 on prey dependent and prey independent set-ups Predatory (HD) cultures of B. bacteriovorus HD100 ordain be grown on E. coli in Ca2_-HEPES buffer at 30C, with shaking at 200 revolutions per minute (8). Escherichia coli ML35 and E. coli W7-M5 (10) will be used as the prey throughout the experiments. Escherichia coli ML35 will be cultured in nutrient broth (Difco Laboratories), and E. coli W7-M5, a lysine and DAP auxotroph, will be cultured in nutrient broth supplemented with 0.2 mM lysine and 0. 1 mM DAP at 37C with shaking at 200 rpm. Prey-independent HI strains will be plated on rich peptone-yeast extract (PY) medium (8). Synchronous cultures Synchronous cultures will be used for performing various experiments as draw below. Briefly, fresh bdellovibrios will be added to prey cells in HM buffer (3 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-1 mM CaCl. LQ. One mM of MgCl2 will be adjusted to pH 7. 6 using NaOH (1 0). The organisms will be grown until a final concentration of 1010 bdellovibrios per ml and 5 x 109 E.coli per ml is reached. For proper aeration, volumes will be kept to ? 20% of the flasks volume and incubated at 30C with shaking at 400 rpm. Synchronous cultures will be examined at intervals for attachment and penetration with a Nikon model L-Ke microscope (Nippon Kogaku Inc. ) equipped with phase-contrast optics and a Nikon model AF camera. Time course Microarray analysis. Time course Microarray analysis will be performed to station the genes to be expressed during the entry phase, specifically during pore formation on the host cell membrane of B.bacterovorus H100. Microarray slides of B. bacteriovorus H100 will be ordered from Advanced Throughput, Inc Services. add together cellular RNA will be extracted from B. bacteriovorus H100 cells at entry phase using the RNeasy mid fit out (Qiagen). The RNA of the organism will also be extracted during the other stages of infection. T his will serve as a reference for comparison of the genes expressed and not expressed at the desired stage. Complementary DNA synthesis, fragmentation, labeling, hybridization, dye and washing will be performed according to the Affymetrix B.bacteriovorus H100 GeneChip array expression analysis protocol (Affymetrix). Briefly, cDNA will be synthesized from RNA using Superscript II (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturers instructions. RNA will be removed by alkaline treatment and subsequent neutralization. Complementary DNA will be purified with QIAquick PCR purification columns (Qiagen). Purified cDNA will be fragmented by DNase I (Amersham) at 37C for 10 min followed by end labeling with biotinddUTP, using an Enzo BioArray terminal labeling kit (Affymetrix), at 37C for 60 min.Hybridization will be performed in an Affymetrix GeneChip hybridization Oven 640. Washing and staining will be performed using an Affymetrix Fluidics Station 400. Arrays will be scanned with an Agilent Gene Array Scanner G2500A. GeneChip scans will be initially analyzed using the Affymetrix Microarray Suite 5. 1 software, from which PivotData tables will be exported. Raw entropy from the PivotData Tables will be analyzed in GeneSpring software version 6 (Silicon Genetics), using the parameters suggested by Silicon Genetics for analysis of Affymetrix Microarrays. Real-time PCRReal-time PCR using the Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-time PCR system will be performed to confirm microarray results. RNA will be extracted from B. bacteriovorus H100 at initial phases of predatory life cycle up to entry phase as described above. RNA will be reverse transcribed into cDNA and simultaneously labelled using the iScript One-step RT-PCR kit with SYBR Green (Biorad). RT-PCR reactions will also be performed to amplify cDNA of housekeeping genes (identified from micro array studies) for normalization of fluorescence values. Identifying the specific hydrolytic enzymes of B.bacteriovorus which are involved in pore formation on host cell membrane. Many experiments showed that B. bacteriovorus H100 releases hydrolytic enzymes during predatory life cycle. According to Thomashow and Ritterberg, glycanases and lipopolysaccharideases are required for pore formation in the preys peptidoglycan and LPS layers respectively. The glycanase and/or proteinase could be responsible for weakening the peptidoglycan layer of the prey and thereby responsible for permitting conversion of the substrate cell to a spherical variety (10).Tudor et al. proposed another model for penetration. According to them peptidase is responsible for pore formation but not glycanase (11). Specific enzymes involved in pore formation are not known. The genes identified from the time course micro array technique will be mutated as described previously using suicide sender pSSK10. Resulting mutants will be complemented by using vector pMMB206 (8). Mutants will be analysed for the specific enzymes (using 2D-gel electrophoresi s) and their actions on host cell i.e, as a glycanase, LPSase or peptidase will be observed by radio labelling experiments (10). Wild-type B. bacteriovorus H100 and complemented strains will be used as controls. Radio labeling experiments Escherichia. coli W7-M5, auxotroph for lysine and DAP and cannot metabolize glucosamine, will be radiolabelled as described previously (9,10). Peptide portion of E. coli W7-M5 peptidoglycan will be labelled with 3H DAP and the lipopolysaccharides and glycan portions of the peptidoglycan will be labeled with 3Hglucosamine.Various mutants and wild-type strains will be tested for predation using this radiolabelled strain. Solubilisation of glucosamine and DAP from labelled prey peptidoglycan will be measured as described previously (11). Briefly, samples taken at intervals will be precipitated with an equal volume of cold 10% trichloroacetic acid for 30 min followed by centrifugation. Resulting supernatants will be assayed for soluble radioactivity in a scintillation counter (Rackbeta II). level gel electrophoresis The hydrolytic enzymes released by B.bacteriovorus H100 during its predatory life cycle will be analyzed by performing prostrate gel electrophoresis. Sample preparation for 2D-gel electrophoresis Escherichia coli ML35 cells will be challenged with B. bacteriovorus H100 wild-type as well as the mutant strain. Culture fluid will be drawn from synchronous cultures during attachment and entry phases of B. bacteriovorus H100. Culture fluid will be centrifuged to discard any cell debris. Proteins in the supernatant will be precipitated using cold acetone. The precipitated proteins will be separated by centrifugation.The precipitated injection will be air dried and will be dissolved in rehydration solution (8M urea, 2% CHAPS 3-3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio-1-propanesulfonate, 18 mM DTT, 0. 5% IPG buffer pH range 4-7 Amersham Biosciences), plus a trace of bromophenol blue. Sample protein concentrations will be determi ned using the BCA protein assay (Pierce). Resulting protein pellet will be subjected to 2D-gel electrophoresis. 2D-gel electrophoresis Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis will be performed according to the method of OFarrell.Proteins present in the pellet will be resolved on two-dimensional gels using the products and protocols of Amersham Pharmacia Biotech. In the first-dimension, proteins will be resolved by isoelectric focusing on a precast Immobiline DryStrip with a linear pH gradient. This will be followed by electrophoresis using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel on 12. 5% acrylamide gel. For analytical 2-D gel electrophoresis, 100 ? g of sample protein will be applied to the gels and the proteins will be stained with Pharmacia Biotech silver stain kit.For preparative two-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis, 500 ? g of the sample protein will be roiled on the gels and proteins will be visualized using Coomassie blue R-350 (Phast Gel BlueR Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). Spot analysis will be carried out using PDQuest Image depth psychology software (BioRad). Spots absent from the mutant sample gel will be manually excised from the wild-type B. bacteriovorus H100 sample gel for identification. Mass spectrometry and protein identification Excised protein descry of interest will be destained, reduced, carboxymethylated, and digested with trypsin in situ.This will be done overnight with a temperature of 37C as described (8). Gel digests will be centrifuged, and an aliquot of the supernatant will be taken for analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Lists of peptide masses will be generated and searched against the NCBInr database using the Mascot protein identification system (Matrix Science http//www. matrixscience. com). Sequences of proteins identified by Mascot will be analyzed for a predicted signal sequence using SignalP 3. 0 (http//www. cbs. dtu.dk/ operate/SignalP/). V. Conclusion The identification of genes responsible for the expression of hydrolytic enzymes of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is of significant importance. Since the organism preys on other bacteria, its special attributes must be thoroughly studied and appreciated for possible useful applications. As mentioned earlier, this predatory organism can be used as a control agent against biofilm, as well as pathogenic organisms. Through the use of natural agents to control destructive and disease-causing bacteria, the use of chemicals and antibiotics can be lessened or avoided.Since the rapid evolution of organisms towards resistance and tolerance to anti-microbial substances is seemly more widespread, an alternative approach to these problems can be useful in the world of bacteriology. Thus, the identification of these genes and hydrolytic enzymes is of utmost importance. The elucidation of this information can be used as a primary defence against harmful microbes if this knowledge will be taken advantage. A more effective predatory role can be performed by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus if the genes and the hydrolytic enzymes of the organism will be expressed efficiently and constitutively.

Major Event That Contributed to the Intolerable Acts

From Protests to Separation All of the events contributed in causing the unacceptable Acts in some ways but I conceptualise that the Boston Tea Party played the most influential role of all. To help the East India Company from losing money, Britain passed the Tea Act which allowed the company to reserve a virtual monopoly of the trade for tea in America. This infuriated the merchants and the smugglers and they called for a new boycott on tea. Also on December 16, 30 -130 men svelte as Mohawks climbed aboard and threw 320 chests of tea overboard which took them approx. hours. This was the last straw. When the colonists threw the tea overboard, they in any case threw away Britains sympathy towards them. This angered Britain because in the past the colonist have done many protests and boycotts to tick them off and throwing 320 chests of tea overboard caused Britain a great loss. So to get revenge on the people of Mass. , G. B passed the impermissible Acts or the Coercive Acts ess ay writer price. This means that the Boston Tea Party played a huge role in causing the Intolerable Acts.These Acts closed the Boston Harbor until the Bostonians pay off the company for the tea, allowed British officials to go back to Britain for trial by jury if they were accused of crime and also allowed the governor to house soldiers in suitable quarters. And finally to put fuel in the fire, Britain gave the land south of the Ohio River Valley to Quebec. To sum it up, G. B. passed the Tea Act which angered the colonists so they threw tea which angered G. B so they passed the Intolerable Acts. I think this event is the most influential because right after this, Britain passed the intolerable acts.

Personal Ethical Communication Statement

Having a strong character, I also have a predisposition to optimism that influences positively my communication. I use these personality characteristics to foster others, but I have realized that my communication needs to be improved due to societal roles that affect my perceptions. Since the world is made up of contrastive categories of people, cultures, and races with which I have to interact, I have the obligation to watch how my perceptions are formed and influenced.I always believe that the success is the fruit of a firmly work or a higher education as a dominant perception but when reading the text book Human talk in society, I have discovered that the opposite site should be taken into consideration. Focusing on hard work and education was blocking my lot to see what others people are trying. As inference, I thought that some people are living in poverty because they did non go to school or did not want to work hard.This is a wrong inference which I have decided to reje ct. I recognize that some people did not have the opportunity to go to school despite their willingness to do so. Being from Africa and black, I used to think that due to racial discrimination, the United States would never be led by a black person. The opposite side of my thoughts was proven since president Obama was elected in 2008. That thought was based on my individual induce and the historical time period that showed that among 43 presidents who led the U. S since it has been a country, there was no African American person. This has helped me understand that it is not a intelligent idea to rely on experience or time period. Personally, I realized that I have been experiencing ethnocentrism to some degree because I thought that only when my culture was giving more importance to marriage and all other groups were negligent in the matter. Also, I was stereotyping a group of people according to what I heard about them that most of them were thieves or liars.This has led me to e xperience prejudice to one of my co-workers who belonged to that specific group. It affected our communication because I could not trust her or believe in what she could say. As a mother, I thought that I knew better than my children so that I could choose for them the kind and colors of their clothes, their fields of studies, their nutriment and so on. To improve my communication with my children, I have decided to discuss with them about everything before letting them making their own choices.

Kudler Fine Foods E-Commerce Website

Kudler Fine Foods E-Commerce Web commit Kudler Fine Foods E-Commerce Website * Introduction E Commerce is one of the most important facets of the Internet to have emerged in the recent times. Ecommerce or electronic commerce involves carrying out business over the Internet with the assistance of com consecrateers, which are linked to each other forming a network. To be specific, ecommerce would be buying and merchandising of goods and services and transfer of funds through digital communications (Benefits of Ecommerce,2007).With the launch of Kudler Fine Foods new eCommerce solution quickly approaching, this is an exciting time for Kudler and its staff. The benefits of this expansion leave behind not only increase revenue for the company, but afford the opportunity to create new jobs and provide a new range of services to entirely clients. From the customers perspective, everything leave start from the Kudler Fine Foods home rogue. The home page will maintain the original look and design, but the customer will c totally attention two new additions when visiting. The first addition will be a shop link included in the navigation bar.This will bring the customer into the stores inventory of items available for online purchase. These new features and services will now be explained, as well as a step by step walk through the customer will experience when making online purchases. Shop When Shop is selected in the navigation toolbar at the top of the sacksite the exploiter opens a new webpage. This webpage is the shop page where the substance ab drug substance ab expendr sees a dropd receive box giving them the following categories to choose from Bakery, Meat and Seafood, Produce, Cheese and Dairy and final Wine.After selecting the category the user will then click on the shop push button to the right. They will then be sent that category webpage to harbour their purchases. Purchase of Items To purchase items the user will see the category webpage where there is a list of all the products offered for this category. Each item will have a description of the product and the hurt of each item. There is an add button at the end of each item description where the user net choose to purchase this item by clicking on the add button.At the top of each category page the user has the option to go to the other category pages by clicking on the go to button for each category listed on that button. At the bottom of each page there are two buttons to choose View hand baby-walker and Checkout. View Cart View cart allows the user to see all the items that they have chosen to purchase. A list of each item with their price will be foundn. At the end of each item row there is a remove button where the user stack remove the item from the list. This is the only location the user can remove their items they have chosen to purchase.At the bottom of this page there are buttons to choose to go to the other category pages or to bridle page. If the user choos es to go to another category and selects and item from that page, it will be added to the realise cart page. Even if the user goes all the sort back to the home page they can start looking at other categories and each item will be added to the shopping cart where it can be seen on the view cart page. After the user has made all their choices to purchase, they can click on the maintainout button at the bottom of the page to finalize their purchase.Checkout The checkout page is the final page the customer will fate to go to in order to finish their purchase. Here the customer can see all of the items they have selected along with the total of the purchase they are about to make. It they urgency to remove an item they will need to go back to view cart where they can remove the item. Under the list and total of the items to be purchased, there is a form to fill out. This form is the Payment Information form take to finish the purchase. Here the customer will input their Name, Addr ess, Town/City, State and Zip code.Then they will select from the dropdown box which credit greenback they plan to use to make the purchase. After selecting the credit card, there is a box for the credit card number to be entered. After the customer enters in their credit card number, they can either choose the submit to finish the purchase or choose the reset button to clear out the form. If they choose to reset the form, the schooling will be deleted and they may begin a new ordering process. Marketing our website/promote website Marketing in e-commerce is just as important as the site itself.That brings us to how we can add code into our site to serve well make us more visible to search engines meta information is what is used to make us visible to our customers. Meta data is, quite simply, data about data. Your document is nothing but a piece of data for a search engine, and meta data helps describes and categorizes it. Webmasters place meta data inside their HTML documents, to help improve their ranking on search engines, and to help end-users locate their site (Marketing Your Website Meta Data,1999).We will put a description meta tag and keyword metadata tag on each of the webpages we have made for the shopping feature. This way each category will be part of the web search when a customer is looking for one of our products. The metadata tags we are going to use will be the description, keyword (these will be on all webpages) author, content-type, refresh and revised tags (only one the shop page). The description tag lets you put the title of the page when the keyword tag is where you can put important keywords to be found when search engine can find it easier.The author tag shows all that look at our website who created it. The content-type tag shows what we used such(prenominal) as text, html and the UTF8. The refresh one allows the page to refresh at the time limit we set for each page. Then revised will show who ever has to update or modify the s hopping pages will know when they were last done making it easier to keep up with the alterations. SEO (search engine optimization) is the process of optimizing a website so it will position well in search engines results. This means designing your web pages so the search engines will find the right keywords in your web page content.Optimization is all about making sure the search engines will find information that will increase the chance of your page beingness included in search results(How to promote a website as part of the website design, n. d. ). some ways to help in this area to make the site more visible include but not limited to include the main keywords in the website title, more keywords in the website description, keywords in the sidebar links, keywords in the content text, be sure all pages are reachable, and pages should be easy to navigate. A website can be submitted to search engines so they will know about it.This used to be a necessary step to notify search engin es about new websites. Now search engines constantly monitor the Internet for new web pages (and changed web pages) so they will discover your website. To ensure that your fresh content or site improvements dont languish un-indexed, submit to Google an XML sitemap, which shows your sites coding, each time you do an update. Google will help you correct any errors in the sitemap to make its indexing more accurate, and will crawl your site more often if you routinely send it XML sitemap updates. (McElgunn, J. )It is still a good idea to submit your website to all four major search engines (AOL, Google, MSN, and Yahoo) because these four primarily are the ones used for most Internet searches. Another way to increase the SEO for Kudler Fine Foods is with a Facebook page since they are used to get consumers from a social media. Creating a Facebook page for Kudler Fine Foods and getting the consumer to click on like on the page will boost the way the SEO ranks there website. Facebook is a nother way to notify customers of deals being offered so they will want to check them out on their website.More consumers viewing their website will move them to the top faster. We will add the Facebook logo to the top of each page so the customer can access it from the website. Publish/upload website Once the website has been created, the testing is complete, and the site is ready to go live we need to upload the files to our web server so our customers can start accessing and using the site. One easy option we can use is a program called FileZilla which uses an FTP (file transfer protocol) or we can use a web design product from the host that can upload all the files easily.With the FTP option we have to manually upload each file we want to use. If using a web design product it will upload everything you have at one time. Be sure to thoroughly test the website by and by the upload to be sure all necessary files were successfully uploaded and work correctly. When you need to updat e a web page you can just upload that page (and related files) and the upload will overwrite the old files. NOTE Some web design packet products save web pages in their own unique file format and automatically convert the files to web format files (e. . HTML) when the upload/publish function is used. If you are going to use FTP software for your uploads, you will first need to do a save-as/export for the web page files to create HTML files. It is a good idea to save these files in a separate folder to make the FTP file selection easier as the web design unique format files do not need to be uploaded. Also, if you use FTP software for your uploads you must also upload files and graphics used by the webpage (How To Publish/upload Web Pages,n. d. ). Resource Benefits of ecommerce. 2007). Retrieved from http//www. ecommerceprogram. com/ecommerce/benefits-of-ecommerce. asp viper How to publish/upload web pages. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. doawebsite. com/publish. html How to pr omote a website as part of the website design. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. doawebsite. com/promote. html Marketing your website Meta Data. (1999). Retrieved from http//www. davidreilly. com/topics/electronic_commerce/web_marketing/meta-data. html McElgunn, J. Google Grabbers. Profit, Mar2008, Vol. 27 Issue1, p56-57, 2p.

Social Group Inequalities in Canada

The search for a Utopian lifestyle on planet Earth has been the byplay of most humans during the course of humanity itself. Immigration and emigration are both everlasting proof of some of the methods humans go through in order to establish newer and raise lifestyles, leaving behind misery and lack of opportunity. It is evident to the twenty first century inhabitant, that utopia or a Utopian rules of order is practic onlyy impossible to reach. Rather than Utopian characteristics in our hostel, one can nonice wars, illnesses, poverty, famine, disease and notably, in pertainities.Inequalities are a major factor which unfortunately farthere unhappiness and easily-disposed separations as well as affect economic growth. Following the release of the Broadbent Institute report in October 2012, Towards a More equal Canada, A Report on Canadas Economic and Social Inequality , which covers the social and economic inequalities in present day Canada, one can easily be more aware of th e problems that the Canadian sight face due to unequal factors.In the report, several inequalities are covered including the shrinking of the middle naval division, the elites capturing growth, salienter and change magnitude income gaps, inequality of wealth, and social conclave inequalities. Focusing on social group inequalities and using various philosophic principles, we are able to determine the validity and honourable importance of this growing problem through the ideologies of Singer, Libertarianism, Utilitarianism, and sufficiency principles.According to the Broadbent Institute report, different social groups pack been suffering inequalities in Canada since the nineteen sixties. Social groups such as aboriginal peoples, wo men, people with disabilities, immigrants, and people from deprived communities or provinces have been targets of unequal social and efficient separation from the more fortunate Canadian population, notably the euro descendant man. These social gr oups earned and still generally earn far less than the average white Canadian citizen.Till this day, gender still defines economical differences, putting women below men with regards to financial earnings. Further more, women in Canada are still dependent on men for financial support as it is the men which earn more, and consequently occupy the majority of the top 1% earners of Canada. In addition to ongoing gender inequalities, newly admitted immigrants and aboriginal people earn far less than the white Canadian due to strict genteelnessal accreditation of foreign diplomas, racism, social profiling, and social preferences on behalf of employers.Racialized Canadians are ongoing victims of social and economical passing due to preferential systems in the last field, forcing these competent candidates to work in the toil field and live in low-income neighborhoods or secluded deprived areas with elflike financial opportunity. As an ongoing social and economical problem in Canada, these inequalities are evidently worth being improved or changed, however, whether these changes should be virtuously obligated is the question.To begin, we may examine Peter Singers main ideology, if we can prevent something bad from happening, without sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, then we ought, morally, to do so. This principle can be linked with the social group inequalities of Canada examined in the Broadbent Institute report. Having already acknowledged that these inequalities are a problem in the nation, Singers principle may be utilise as a guide for improvement.Social group inequalities are economically degrade for the country in general as well as degrading to a personal level to those who are affected, hence making it a bad thing to have in a country. However, one must oblige in mind that mainly racialized and new immigrants run the labor work force to Canada, and by eliminating social group inequalities, we might sacrifice many labor working emp loyments. By sacrificing these positions, we may encounter further problems in the economy with a vacancy gap in the labor work force, which is too great to fill.Morally, it is to e genuinelyones preference to be equal in a coexisting society of many races and backgrounds. By basing ourselves solely on Singers principle, the demonstration of the analysis would definitely not morally agree with his ideologies. Working around the argument, we are able to minimize the bad (social group inequalities) using different methods such as more relaxed education laws, placement centers, immigration help and guidance, in order to improve the smear.Improving the situation does not mean eliminating social group inequalities hence we are not sacrificing anything of the same moral importance such as the labor work force. Moving on to a libertarian aspect, where the principle implies that everyone should have maximum liberty, consistent with equal liberty for others, the print can be polld differ ently. Social group inequalities are in some ways depriving the victims of their liberties of electing their path of race and enabling them to function what they truly want.The victims of social group inequalities, notably immigrants, aboriginals, women, the disabled, may want to follow a certain career path or have already accurate education required for a certain employment however due to the inequalities in Canada towards them, they are forced into lower income employments, hence overpowering their liberties and free will. This issue is very unfortunate as the affected are left with no choices due to their circumstances and backgrounds.Staying on the libertarian path, we may conclude that the issue of social group inequalities, morally, should be fixed as it is depriving its victims of their liberty and free will. By fixing the problem, the liberty of the rest of the population will not be affected, yet enhanced for everyone, by enabling more people to make their own choices, p ossess liberty and free will. Therefore, social group inequalities should be eliminated and treated in Canada when analyzing with a libertarian approach. By analyzing different philosophical moral approaches to the problem, we are able to see the different conclusions that each one might lead to.We may further analyze the problem through a utilitarian approach. Utilitarianism suggests that an action is right when it maximizes utility (happiness) overall. Social group inequalities affect Canadas economical situation by bringing follow through the economy in certain areas where the problem is more prominent such as low-income neighborhoods and secluded or neglected areas where there are no opportunities for economical prosperity. Creating an improvement plan with regards to social group inequalities will create happiness and opportunity to the majority of the population that are affected by this problem.Encouraging women to restrain higher education and compete for high management e mployment positions, creating guidance centers for aboriginal peoples in order for them to receive an education and follow a career path, enable educated immigrants to work freely in their field without racial profiling or racism, enhance the economy and growth of area with few resources by moving factories and company headquarters, are all ways to control this problem by enhancing the happiness of all including the population which were not affected by social group inequalities.Victims of the problem will be relieved of their inequalities as for the population, which did not suffer from this inequality, their happiness and utility will also be enhanced.Racial people will be more mixed with the upper class, creating new social groups and opportunities, the Canadian economy will be boosted due to the creation of new jobs and the improvements of country-style or low-resource cities and towns, social acceptance will be promoted, professional fields will be enhanced to do the vast raci al diversity, labor work force will attract new groups of people such as younger Canadians, as well as many more advantages to the society as a whole.Finally, one might conclude that it is almost a moral obligation, philosophically basing ourselves on the utilitarian approach, to improve and minimize social group inequalities in Canada as it would be promoting general happiness and economical prosperity for the entire nation. Lastly, the issue of social group inequalities may be analyzed through the philosophical principle of sufficiency. Sufficiency suggests that what matters is not equality, but whether people have enough.This principle is quite different than the others as it suggests a different outcome or conclusion to the problem itself. In the previous paragraphs, we analyzed social group inequalities though philosophical moral principles in order to treat the problem and improve the situation of Canada with regards to its inequalities and economical prosperity. However, prio rities were never covered and deserve to be mentioned for the purpose of this paper.Women, immigrants, aboriginal peoples, people living in rural or economically deprived areas all suffer from inequalities as previously explained and proven in the Broadbent Institute report. These social groups may live a low-income life, yet they have all that they need to sufficiently live a healthy and full life. Their life may not be as prosperous or luxurious as the higher-income social class of Canada, however their needs are all met with the earnings that are allocated to them and their families.There are other social classes in Canada, which do not have sufficient financial means to support their families, moreover themselves for that matter. Hence the government should be focusing on eliminating poverty and suffering rather than minimizing social group inequalities. Morally, it would be the correct thing to do for the government of Canada when basing our philosophical ideologies on the prin ciples of sufficiency. The priorities for aid go from the classes of people that have nothing or the least, up to the classes of people that have the most.When comparing the situation of the population that suffer from poverty, homelessness, famine, malnutrition, to the population which suffer from social group inequalities, it is easy to conclude that the aid should be prioritized to the more needy. In addition, by providing aid to the population which do not have sufficient financial means to live a full healthy life, equality is enhanced and promoted by raising the standards of living for all Canadians, hence somewhat aiding with the issue of social group inequalities by eliminating poverty.The Broadbent Institute report served as a very well organized and efficient study, raising social awareness about the inequalities that are present and faced every day in Canada. Using the aid of philosophical principles and ideologies such as Peter Singers, Libertarianism, Utilitarianism, an d the principles of sufficiency, we were able to more deeply analyze the moral importance of improving and eliminating the issue of social group inequalities which are very much present in our nation today.Each principle suggests a different moral approach consequently providing various conclusions which Canadians can base their opinions with regards to this problem. By utilizing different moral aspects of philosophy, we were able to demonstrate clearly why the problem of social group inequalities should or should not be reduced in our society depending on the outcome and well-being of the general Canadian population.

AP US history

You should be very proud of yourself. Prepare o immerse yourself in the great story that is U. S. History. As Mark Twain once wrote, Truth Is stranger than fiction, but It Is because fiction Is obliged to suck to possibilities Truth isnt. Unfortunately, this class go forth only meet one period a day. Therefore, you are required to do readings and preparation over the summer (see below). Feel free to email me over the summer with any questions or concerns (l will be going away to Europe and Florida so be patient for a reply).Summer Assignment You will claim a copy of Howard Zions, A Peoples History of the united States 1492 present Directions 1 . Due on the first day of class You are required to settlement the questions for the assigned chapters. 2. Your response must be typed. 3. This Is an individual assignment. 4. Your answers should be as detailed as the question requires AND you must cite the pages from which you draw your response. Chapter 1 Columbus, the Indians, and hum ankind Progress 1. According to Zion, what Is his mall purpose for writing A Peoples History of the United States? . Write down he five most important things Zion says near Columbus and the two most important things Zion says about the writing of history. Chapter 2 Drawing the Color Line 1. Why were Africans considered better slaves than Indians In Valhalla? 2. How did slavery in Africa differ from slavery in Europe and the Americas? 3. Why did slave 1 OFF poor whites and slaves in a rebellion? Chapter 4 Tyranny is Tyranny 1. later on reading the entire chapter, describe Zions purpose for the chapter. 2. What myth, associated with Common Sense, has come down from 1776?To what extent is the myth true? (include evidence) 3. Explain the statement Tyranny is Tyranny allow it come from whom it may. Chapter 11 Robber Barons and Rebels FYI Chapter 4 and 11 are similar in the description of power and a class struggle. Pages 253 262 or the reading onwards the description of schools 1 . Horopito Alger wrote of rags to riches stories and the opportunity for anyone to make a fortune. To what extent did Lagers stories represent fact or to what extent did Lagers stories represent myth? Cite particularised evidence to support your position.Pages 262 forward or the reading beginning with the description of schools 2. What do you believe is the purpose of education in todays world? How is your opinion similar to or different from the purpose of education in the years between 1860 and 1900? Cite specific evidence to support your position. 3. Describe the factors (1860- 1900) that led the farmer, the backbone of the US economy, to organize against capitalists (industrialists) and government. 4. Explain specific ways that the Farmers Alliance movement addressed he factors that led to organization.Chapter 17 Or Does It Explode? 1. What is Zions thesis for this chapter? 2. Describe the modal value of the poems that Zion includes in the chapter. 3. Who represented the African American sentiment the most and WHY? Dry. Martin Luther King, Jar. , Malcolm X, or Hue Newton and the Black Panthers. Chapter 18 The Impossible Victory Vietnam 1 . Who was responsible for ending the war in Vietnam? The President of the US, the Military, or the war protesters? WHY? Support your answer with evidence

Array

C++ provides a data structure, the roam, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of factors of the same type. An get is workd to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type. quite of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, , and number99, you declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers0, numbers1, and , numbers99 to represent individual variables.A specific division in an array is accessed by an index. All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to the last element. Declaring Arrays To declare an array in C++, the programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of elements required by an array as follows type arrayName arraySize This is c tout ensembleed a single-dimension array. The arraySize must be an integer unceasing greater than zero and type can be any v alid C++ data type.For example, to declare a 10-element array called balance of type double, use this arguing double balance10 Initializing Arrays You can initialize C++ array elements either one by one or using a single debate as follows double balance5 = degree centigrade0. 0, 2. 0, 3. 4, 17. 0, 50. 0 The number of values betwixt braces can not be larger than the number of elements that we declare for the array between square brackets .Following is an example to assign a single element of the array If you omit the size of the array, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is created. Therefore, if you write double balance = 1000. 0, 2. 0, 3. 4, 17. 0, 50. 0 You will create exactly the same array as you did in the previous example. balance4 = 50. 0 The above statement assigns element number 5th in the array a value of 50. 0. Array with 4th index will be 5th ie. last element because all arrays have 0 as the index of their first element which is also called base i ndex.Following is the pictorial representaion of the same array we discussed above Accessing Array Elements An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the index of the element within square brackets after the name of the array. For example double salary = balance9 The above statement will take 10th element from the array and assign the value to salary variable. Following is an example which will use all the above mentioned tierce concepts viz. eclaration, assignment and accessing arrays include using namespace std include using stdsetw int main () int n 10 // n is an array of 10 integers // initialize elements of array n to 0 for ( int i = 0 i 10 i++ ) n i = i + 100 // set element at location i to i + 100 cout

Other Voices, Other Rooms †Analysis Essay

Capotes opposite Voices, Other Rooms is an exploration into role reversal, gender definitions, and the risk involved in sex activity and love against the harsh contrast of southern ideals. The novel acts as Capotes catharsis in developing his younger self, in the character of Joel Knox, innocent and self-exploring, as he transforms into his seniorer, liberated self in the character of Randolph who truly is the voice carrying the books message. However, to reach his destination of Randolph, Joel must begin his journey with Idabel Tompkins.Joel sees Idabel soon after(prenominal) entering Noon City, and is so mesmerized with her girlish antics that he is oblivious to the man offering him a nickle to capture her, roundthing Joel would not be capable of anyway. She notices him later as well, watching Joel in the soda support from the doorway and asking about him in herboy-husky voice. Immediately, Joel is intrigued on the verge of infatuation and most often referencing her boyish a ttributes in the same breath. On the way to the Landing, his new home, he finds Idabel on the road and picks her out from her babe as, the other moved as jerky and quick as a boy (p31).The pair work down companions and later during a fishing trip, Joel learns not only the risks invilved in loving someone but in any case Idabels evaluation of what they are together.. When she tells him to undress so they can swim naked Joel sheepishly replied, plainly youre a girl (p131) Idabel, frustrated, replies, What youve got in your britches is no news to me, and no concern of mine.I never think like Im a girl youve got to remember that, or we cant never be friends later on proclaiming, I want so much to be a boy (p132). During the same trip, Joel felt he needed to put his arms around Idabel as, the only style of expressing all he felt he kisses her cheek and in return she becomes so mad that he pulls his hair and fights him. Joel learns the danger of loving someone, could mean loosing t hem or being betrayed by them.Idabel comes to get Joel at the Landing, in hopes of picking up a partner in crime to run away with. Joel mistakes this as fondness and suggests theyrun off and get married, picking grapes to support themselves. Idabel rebukes him sternly, I dont want to get married.Who the hell said I wanted to get married? Now you listen, boy you gestate decent, you behave like were brothers, or you dont behave at all. Anyway, we dont want to do no sissy thing like pick grapes. I thought perhaps we could join the Navy (p174) on their way to running away, they first stop at the carnival in Noon City where they meet the alluring blonde midget Mrs. wistaria, a 25 year old carnival worker who also wants to be loved in a society that does not survey her. Idabel is immediately smitten with her and Joel notices, to his dismay, Idabel, more excited than Joel had ever seen her, rushed up and asked Miss Wisteria, please, wouldnt she have some soda pop with them (p191)Joel L ater realizes Idabel is in love with the circus performer. This provokes Joel into a dream where he fears Idabels loss and tells her he loves her. He begins to realize he can never have her love. During their conversation, Miss Wisteria talks about her horrible experiences trying to find love and her sorrow that boys must grow towering and therefor, never want her. We see the perfect triangle of unrequited love that can never be fulfilled and can only bring sorrow. Joel longs for Idabel who is in love with the golden curls of Miss Wisteria, who molests Joel composition confine in a ferris wheel in her attempt to find a boy who will never grow tall. In an affirming signal of Joels realization of who he is, Joel sees Randolph, the homosexual transvestite cousin of his step-mother, at the carnival, while being molested by Miss Wisteria. He runs off scared looking for Idabel and hides from Miss Wisteria in the old abandoned house in town.He realizes he has a home and a kip down at t he Landing with Randolph, while Miss Wisteria is doomed to always be searching rooms for love, as she is now looking for Joel in the old mansion, until she finds her final room, where death awaits. Joel realizes who he is now and is nigh comforted by it. He forgets Idabel for most of the rest of the story and assumes she has run off with her circus girl. Joel is subject matter to remain at the Landing, especially after his one connection to the real world is lost when his friend Zoo comes back to stay after a rape has driven her a little disturbed as well. He knows he belongs there with Randolph, the ghostly lady in the window who wears womens wearing apparel and wig, but is more like him than whats outside. He hides from his old life in the form of a get word from hisoriginal caretaker, his aunt Ellen, and moves towards Randolph, looking back and leaving his innocent self, the other Joel Knox.Works CitedCapote, Truman. Other Voices, Other Rooms. New York Vintage, 1994. Print.

If Othello had been set in a modern era, how would it differ Essay

The play Othello is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare in around 1603. The story has four central compositors cases Othello, Desdemona, Iago and Cassio. Othello or the moor is a black general, look up to for his superb leadership skills. He falls in love with Desdemona, and against Brabantios will they elope in advance embarking on a campaign against the Turks. However, in Cyprus, a storm destroys the Turkish fleet and the real affair turns out to be the one of Iago against Othello. Iagos hatred for Othello is mainly ca single-valued functiond by his anger at lacking out on a promotion added to his racialism. This leads to his r rasetidege on the protagonist. In this assessment, I am firing to analyse how the play would occupy differed if it had been set in a modern era.The play opens with a heat up discussion surrounded by Iago and Roderigo. Iago complains astir(predicate) Othellos decision to promote Cassio as lieutenant. He confesses that he besides remains in se rvice of the general in order to succeed in his evil end I follow him to serve my turn upon him act 1 sc 1 l. 42. Othello is described as the moor. This epithet often substitutes his actual name Othello. Moreover, Roderigo describes Othellos with terms such as obtuse lips, old black ram and devil Act 1.sc 1. An Elizabethan audience would not have frowned upon the use of these terms, not finding them disturbing, offensive as it would be in our politically correct, multicultural and mobile caller where distances between cultures and races have been significantly reduced. It also important to point out that there were few blacks in capital of the United Kingdom during that period there is evidence to prove this as the rise of black settlements in London occurred lonesome(prenominal) during the 17th- 18th Century. Christianity further exacerbated these racial ideas as it linked the colour white to goodness and the colour black to the devil and sin. Shakespeare shows that he was op en and a brave writer who was willing to stand obscure from his society, choosing to make a black individual his protagonist. This choice makes him the tragic hero who the audience is encouraged to realise with.The second difference that rises between an Elizabethan Othello and a hypothetical modern Othello is the power men have over women. This can be seen immediately in Act 1 Scene 3 with regards to Brabantio and Desdemona. Othellos true love for Desdemona is not accepted by Desdemonas father, who accuses him of having used witchcraft to control Desdemonas feelings.She is abused, stoln from me, and corruptedBy spells For nature so preposterously to err,Being not deficient, blind, or sapless of senseSans witchcraft could not Act 1 Scene 3 line of works 59 -64Not only does Brabantio believes that Desdemona belongs to him as if she was of his property, her elopement disturbs him even more knowing that Othello is black. Brabantio cannot fathom how the beautiful and gentle Desdemon a is attracted to the black Othello. The only track he can justify this relationship is by accusing Othello of having practiced spells against her. These accusations can be seen as typical of that time- average Londoners, such as those who attended and enjoyed Shakespeares plays, had very little knowledge about science and relied on popular wisdom and religious doctrines to support their beliefs. A modern audience with a more global outlook would not hold or be loath to admit to- even though racism has not been eradicated. In modern times the power Brabantio has over choosing his young womans husband would also not be accepted. Today in most western countries, it is considered a honorable for women to choose their own partner. The fact that Desdemona and Othello elope and show a romantic and poetic union DesdemonaThat I did love the Moor to live with him,My downright violence and storm of fortunesMay trumpet to the world my spunks subduedEven to the very quality of my lordI sa w Othellos fool in his mind,And to his honour and his valiant partsDid I my soul and fortunes consecrate. act1 sc3 line 245demonstrates Shakespeares modern idea and the independency from accepted views and beliefs of the time.The third important factor that would distinguish from an Elizabethan Othello from a modern Othello regards the character of Emilia. Emilia is Iagos wife and Desdemonas close friend. Iago uses this friendship to get access to Dedemona, in particular, request her to steal Desdemonas handkerchief (a gift from Othello to Desdemona). Emilia does this to please his fantasy even though she admits What he will do with it,/ Heaven knows, / not I Act 3 scene 3 line 290. and the consequences of her actions lead to tragic developments, which have vital importance in the play.From this quote we can see Iagos hold over Emilia and how she honours her duty as a wife- something that would puzzle us even though there are also women nowadays who are at the mercy of their hus bands and do not leave destructive relationships. However, as the play unfolds, particularly in the last two acts we increasingly nib that Emilia is an ambiguous character she is Iagos victim still also has a strong feel about men and women that is now reflected in modern society. EmiliaBut I do recollect it is their husbands faultsIf wives do fall say that they slack their duties,And pour our treasures into foreign laps,Or else break out in peevish jealousies,Throwing restraint upon us or say they strike us,Or scant our former having in despiteWhy, we have galls, and though we have some grace,Yet have we some revenge. Act 4 sc 3 line 16This would probably be a feeling shared by Elizabethans but in reverse- they would identify Emilia as a faithful wife initially but would probably be confused and maybe even shocked by her words to Desdemona and equality between men and women when it comes to desire.In conclusion, we can say that elements of the plot would have undergone marked c hanges if Othello had been written in modern, politically correct times. Brabantio wouldnt be making such a drama out of the fact that his daughter has married a black man Emilia wouldnt be stealing at the see to it of her husband and racist terms would not have been used by noblemen and colleagues. If the play had been set in modern times, it wouldnt be the same play and perhaps it wouldnt be as elicit and powerful either. Despite the fact that the play was written hundreds of years ago and we think that things have changed, racism and sexism havent ended and Shakespeares play makes us think.

How does Shakespeare present the role of Feste in Twelfth Night?

In William Shakespeares comedy Twelfth Night the character of Feste is a solitary wit surrounded by twits. His occupation is that of Olivias paid befool, which she inherited from her father, Feste the jester a fool that the Lady Olivias father took much pleasure in. This long standing relationship may be the priming coat he seems to have a status higher than that of a servant within the household, and appears to leave and production at will without fear of punishment, Tell me where thou hast been or my lady will hang thee allow her hang me.This may as well as be because of Elizabethan attitudes towards allowed fools, who had gained popularity due to their presence in many majestic courts. Festes palpable intelligence is an integral part of his role, as he uses it to communicate the subtext of Shakespeares manifold plot to both the opposite characters and the auditory modality. It is therefore ironic that the fool is so frequently said to be dish one(a)st, Yare a modify fo ol Ill take no more(prenominal) of you. Besides, you flex dishonest, as throughout the play he does nothing but divulge truths.His cleverness is immediately sheer upon his starting time appearance for several different reasons. If he were not a fool then he would have no separate way of making money, thence his decision to ingratiate himself-importance once more into Olivias good graces is a wise one, To be turned away, is that not as good as a hanging to you? It would alike be essential for him to be intelligent to play the role of fool, as he is paid for his acute observation disguised as witty remarks. The most obvious testament to Festes intelligence however is his ability to manipulate words.This ensures he keeps his job in Olivias household, as when she asks for the fool to be taken away because he is dry, Feste twists her words around and bears them in the stratum of a pun, Give the dry fool a drink, then is the fool not dry? His craftiness amuses Olivia, who allo ws him to stay. His way with words also allows him to voice his opinions on other characters without fear of retribution. Whilst engaged in idle banter Feste shares his observation of Malvolio and Sir toby, Sir Toby will be sworn that I am no fox, but he will not pass his word for twopence that you are no fool.This shows that although Toby is foolish as he cannot distinguish Festes intellect, Malvolios idiocy is so apparent that even a fool such(prenominal) as Toby can see it. Feste later reaffirms his belief that Sir Toby is a fool and also shares his picture of Sir Andrew. He greets the pair with the line, Did you never see the picture of We Three? The painting shows only two fools whilst implying that the mantrap is the third, and this comparison suggests he perceives Toby and Andrew to be fools as well as himself. It is in this way that he contributes to the underlying theme of deception that runs through the play.He deliberately presents himself to others as a mere fool, and scorn the fact he is obviously much more than that, he is so proficient at this finesse that the only character to see through it is Viola, This fellow is wise enough to play the fool, And to do that well, craves a kind of wit. It may be because he not only accepts his role as a fool but uses it to his advantage, accordingly gaining perspective from this self slamledge, that he can differ from the other characters and deceive others instead of himself.Perhaps it is because Festes intellect is so bountiful that he is taken beyond the role of only a character. Through it he acquires the role of a somewhat omniscient narrator, infesting both the audience and the other characters with a heightened awareness of what is happening around and within them. This is shown during a conversation with Viola, where as thanks for a coin Feste states, Now Jove, in his next commodity of hair, s block off thee a beard. This shows his awareness of her disguise, both to the audience and to Vi ola herself.It also shows he must at least be extremely discerning, to deduce such a thing from simply ob avail the meetings between Orsino and Viola and Olivia and Viola. The primary way he communicates his deep messages however is through song. The clown sings no fewer than seven songs throughout the play, and although the other characters see them as nothing more than a convenient source of entertainment, many have an underlying foresight further beyond the grasp of a mere jester. Feste sings his first song upon Sir Toby and Sir Andrews requests for a love song.The first verse appears to be about Olivia, and demonstrates Festes keen perception of the other characters and his uncanny knowledge of early events, O mistress mine, where are you roaming? This shows Festes knowledge of Olivias roaming heart, searching for its trustworthy love. O stay and hear, your true loves coming. This line perfectly foreshadows future events, as Olivia finds love not whilst searching for it, b ut by it conclusion her in the form of Sebastian. Feste then proceeds to encapsulate the plays plot within one line of his song, Journeys end in lovers meeting. This suggests that he may be ubiquitous, as his knowledge is not only of the future, but of the foregone events as well. It could however just be referring to the metaphorical journeys the characters have been on in their search for love, not the literal journey Viola and Sebastian have undertaken to Illyria. The second verse of his song appears to be addressed to Sir Toby, regarding his thus far secret love for Maria.It shows Festes knowledge of their hesitance towards love, Whats to come is still unsure. Entwined with the advice Feste appears to have also interwoven a philosophy for life, Present mirth hath present laughter, can be interpreted as carpe diem, fitting counsel for Sir Toby who needs to act upon his love before it is too late, Youths a stuff will not endure. Another of Festes songs that has more to it than what appears at first look is that which he sings at the Dukes court for Orsino and Viola. Feste tells the sad tale of a boy that died for love, I am slain be a fair cruel maid. It is a song that Viola and Orsino, both wo(e) from the pain of unrequited love, can relate to.The songs fair cruel maid for Orsino is Olivia, who knows of his love but does not return it. Violas cruel maid is Orsino himself, who cannot return her love as he does not know of it and confides her to be a man. The one event that does not concur with the omniscient portrayal of Feste is the arrival of Sebastian. Feste appears to truly believe that Sebastian is Cesario, to the extent that he becomes frustrated and resorts to sarcasm as a defence, your name is not Master Cesario nor this is not my nose either. This scene suggests that Feste is not as all knowing as he can appear, and is peradventure only a highly perceptive individual, a trait born of his considerable intelligence. Feste is presented as one o f the more developed characters in the play, and his multifaceted personality shows in his tormenting of Malvolio. Prior to this Festes purpose has been to queer between the main plot and the subplot (the only character to do so) and though he has passively influenced the events, he has remained very much an observer rather than an actual participant.The exception to this is his imitating Sir Topas to distress Malvolio, I prithee confide on this gown, and this beard make him believe thou art Sir Topas the curate, although his reasons for agreeing to Marias request are not entirely clear. He may have done it simply because he is clever enough to know nothing bad will happen to him because of it. He would probably also have recognized that Malvolio is not popular currently with Olivia, O, you are sick of self-love, Malvolio, and taste with a distempered appetite, and hence making him suffer would put Feste in a favourable position within the household.It may also be because he is c lear used to his abilities as a fool endearing him to others, and although the other characters do become annoyed and well-worn of him at times, Malvolio is the only one that appears to actively dislike him, I marvel your ladyship takes delight in such a barren rascal. Whatever his reasons are this scene illustrates the more unsavoury aspects of Festes personality, but at the same time it also offers a contrast between how Feste and Malvolio are presented.Due to Malvolios self concerned and unpleasant behaviour it seems justifiable that he should be a rather one dimensional character, hampered by his own contemptible qualities. It is for this reason Festes superior attitude and actions towards him are understandable, and instead of serving to make the reader dislike Feste, it causes them to empathise with him as it shows his more human side that had previously been orphic beneath his sharp wit. In the style of a true narrator the last word (or indeed words) of Twelfth Night belon g to Feste, who merges his dual roles, and delivers them in song format.It appears to be a rather gamy song for a clown, as it suggests that every day brings misery, For the rain it raineth every day. This may be because the other characters have gone, leaving him alone with the audience, to whom he can deliver a last message. Festes concluding lesson appears to suggest that life is plagued with misery, therefore, like the characters in Twelfth Night, you should embrace happiness in whatever form it takes because it may not last.Shakespeare presents the role of Feste as a paradox the wisest character of the play is the paid fool. end-to-end Twelfth Night Feste directs, entertains and criticizes the other characters through his revealing songs and witty wordplay, and at the same time makes them smoothen on their current circumstances. This is a similar relationship that Shakespeare, as a playwright, would have had with his audience, and it creates a duplicate between the writer and his creation.

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Essay

Jane Eyres excursion throughout Charlotte Brontes novel encompasses of a sequence of exploits in which Jane is challenged with variations of entrapment followed by escape which serves as an act of overcoming. In the course of the novel, Jane finds herself imprisoned in Victorian Englands strict and complicated social hierarchy, one of Brontes most important themes, and her essay a get inst prejudice prevails throughout. Janes quest to be love, too, embodies deviations of entrapment and escape as Jane searches continually in order to gain love without surrendering herself in the process. In addition, Janes brushes with different models of religion lead her to form her own morals and philosophies, unlike those of society.The first variation of entrapment and escape is signified by Janes experience in the red direction of the Gateshead mansion, as this is where Janes position of exile and incarceration initially become clear. The red room symbolizes the entrapment of social class and dour life experience due to her ambiguous social standing, which Jane struggles to escape throughout the novel. I could not answer the ceaseless inward questionwhy I thus suffered now, at the distance ofI leave alone not say how many years, I see it clearly (17).Jane is naked of the innocence and childhood while in the red room, and is forced to meet the bitter emotions due to her unpleasant experience, realizing that she is financially strapped and excluded from society. Although Jane is finally freed from the red room, she still suffers societal degradation from the Reed family, until she departs for Lowood, avoiding the maltreatment of her adopted family solely unconsciously allowing the abuse of other authority while doing so. It seems as though Jane can never truthfully escape the affliction placed upon her by civilization, and she refers to her memory of the first go throughing of ridicule as a connection to her current situation.Jane faces Brontes second version of entr apment during her years spent at Lowood. She is faced with deuce extremes of religion Mr. Brocklehurst, the religious hypocrite, and Helen Burns, the passive and faithful Christian. Mr. Brocklehursts proscriptions are difficult to make sense of as he selfishly lavishes his own family at the expense of his students.Helen Burns, however, is meek and forgiving in her religious ways, although loved and admired by Jane, proves to be too submissive for Jane to adopt when Jane claims, If people were always kind and conformable to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way they would never feel afraid, and so they would never alter, but would grow worse and worse (60). Jane struggles to understand both versions of Christianity, but eventually rejects both and forms her own principles. Her spirit is not discriminative like Brocklehursts, nor passive like Helens. As Jane puts it, it is pictorial as that I should love those who show me affection, or sub mit to punishment when I feel it is be (60).Because of her fear of losing her independence due to love, Jane in a way deceives herself. Jane believes that marrying Rochester would mean that she reduce herself to a sheer mistress of Rochesters, giving up her dignity for emotional satisfaction, an unacceptable act in her eye. As Rochester makes an driving force to show his love for her by embellishing her in feminine finery, Jane grows more and more fearful of whether Rochester will gull her as equal or inferior (261). Although she believes she is an intellectual equal to Rochester, Jane is aware of the disparities of their financial and social standings. The jointure to Rochester symbolizes entrapment, and it is assumed thus far in the novel, that their marriage will not last long Jane will discover a way to escape inferiority and refusal to adhere to passion rather than reason.

Death of a naturalist Essay

In the rimes presented, the main bag of parent and child relationships can be clearly illustrated. For example, Catrin which is own up by Gillian Clarke emphasises the theme of how powerful the bond is between parents and children. This range can be clearly intercommunicate as Clarke provides the perfect metaphor Red rope of love which we some(prenominal) fought over. The do of much(prenominal) a graphic metaphor highlights how humans have an instinctive need to protect their children. Furthermore, by a acquire remembering such a graphic as yett at child birth in detail the vocabulary red rope shows how bearing a child is one of the great duties of life.Furthermore, this moment of decent a mother addresses the theme of how important children and parent relationships are. However in contrast, Seamus Heaney who wrote Digging isnt addressing the point of child birth with the use of quite graphic vocabulary. Instead Heaney highlights the main theme of parent and sister rel ationships with tradition with the use of the metaphor Ill dig with it. The use of presenting this repeat as the last byplay emphasises how he respects his fathers ability to provide. Which on line fifteen is sophisticatedly composed By God, the old man could handle a spade. This quote highlights how he idealises his father suggesting that Digging is another poem based on the instinct between the bond of parents and family. In huge contrast to both these poems, John give-and-take who presents On my First Sonne addresses the poem as an epitaph. The use of the structure being an epitah highlights the theme of parent and child relationships. This token theme can be highlighted as it emphasises the emotions of a parent bidding farewell to his seven social class old child. The quote which can highlight my point is Farewell, thou child of my right hand, and joy. This quote emphasises the theme quite clearly as it uses the words child of my right hand, and joy these words highlight tha t on that point is a laborious bond between poet and child which is the main theme of child and parent relationship. However, even though it uses the following theme corresponding the other poems. There is a contrast from Clarke and Heaney as this is a poem mourning the relationship which Jon parole treasures my right hand, and joy. Just like Jonsons poem, The affliction of Magaret besides deals with loss. However, sort of of mourning the death of a child it presents a mother who laments the loss of her son at sea.This poem relates to the theme of parent and child relationships as it shows just like Catrin the duties of a mother. Implying that by the pain and worthless of any mother at child birth such as Magaret you start to worry and put up the worst. Where art thou, my beloved son, Where art thou, worse to me than dead? This quote highlights the worry of a mother and that like Clarke and Johnson it emphasises the parent and child relationship through mourning like Johnso n and by her past memories as her locating of her son just like in Catrin.In all of the poems mentioned there is a frequent use of poetic techniques to present the way a poem is. The use of enjambment, can change the tempo of a poem and create and overall takings and theme. This point can be emphasised by Heaney He straightened up to drink it, and then fell to right away. The use of this particular quote emphasises how enjambment speeds up the tempo. This also shows to the reader in between lines that Heaney idealises his grandfather as stronger and better than any other on Toners Bog.This point of idealism can again be addressed On My First Sonne as Johnson uses the term his best piece of poetrie. Emphasising just like in Digging that he has respect for his son and family. Even though as a reader it must emphasised this poem is an epitaph for a son that has passed away. However, when relating back to the original point of enjambment On my First Sonne uses the quote allow lament the give in he should envie? This quote presents a sombre tone and expresses the grief of a man. This view contrasts with Digging and Catrin strong long brown hair depicting the child in a good view such(prenominal) like the other three poems.This again emphasises the struggle of children and that bringing a child into an adult will always be a struggle for an adult and that it has its rewards. This contrasts to My First Son and regret of Magaret I point things, and do not find or one that will answer to my mind and create the effect of eternal grief, as Margret has heard no word from her son. The Affliction of Magaret also becomes intertwined with Catrin because they are both forms a mothers point of view. Furthermore, they show an over exaggeration of there ideas as you whitethorn ask may you state in the dark, for one more hour, in Catrin and seven years unluckilyTo have received no tidings to an only child From the Affliction of Margaret both poems show the characteristic s of maternal fears and begin to portray them to the reader. Therefore, we tend to emphasise with the poems and feel their emotions such as anxiety. In all the poems I as a reader can highlight certain grammar techniques such as similes and metaphors. For example in Digging, the squat pen rests and in Catrin the red rope of love both create using grammar techniques to make the emotions of love an connection. In Catrin it creates a joyful mood by the use of the metaphor.However, in My First Sonne and Affliction of Margaret they use metaphors in an entirely different effect. In the Affliction of Margaret it uses the quote seven yeeres thowert lent to me, and an incommunicable sleep. From this quote it shows My First Sonne and Affliction of Magaret show sadness and death. This helps create a sombre mood overall. Similes are also used in all four poems snug as a gun from Digging as it suggests that Heaney finds poetry comfortable but by writing he makes those around upset and lose lo oking at just like the use of a gun. However, in Catrin there is also the use of metaphors to create no comfort like Digging.The use of the extended metaphor that calls child birth a struggle and a fierce confrontation suggests that parenting is hard and although the struggle of child birth appears hard, parenting is a simply a go along process still I am fighting you off. In conclusion this essay has highlighted different issues such as idealism. Furthermore, I have shown the huge contrasts when the poet explores parent relationships. Like in Oh my First Sonne it deals with an epitaph. Whilst in Catrinit deals with the knockout of child birth. Lastly, the affliction of Magaret deals with the death of a child.

The creation, development, and use of mirrors in Northern Renaissance Essay

The creation, development, and use of mirrors in Northern Renaissance guile - Essay Exampler in three paints Jan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait, Hans Memlings Virgin and Child and Maarten van Niewenhove, and Petrus Christus gold-worker in His Shop. All three photos depict mirrors and all three use the mirror to manipulate both(prenominal) what the viewer sees and also the role the viewer plays within the painting. The aim of this essay, therefore, is to explore in each painting how this manipulation takes place and the purposes of the artist in undertaking such a manipulation.The materialisation has long transfixed man-kind, and stories such as the terrible fate of Narcissus, hopelessly in love with his own image, proliferate in ancient literature. From the earliest Greek vases there are depictions of people holding mirrors, which would have consisted of highly dressed to the nines(p) metal or stone. However, by the time of the Renaissance, glass-working had reached the level of sophistication to allow small, glass mirrors to be produced. The doing of clear glass was underway in Venice by the early fifteenth century, creating mirrors which provided a clear reflection with little distortion to the facial features. It is just such mirrors, of humble proportions due to the difficulty of blowing glass walloping enough to make a bigger surface area, which appear in the painting which will be considered in this essay.Jan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait, depicting Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and his wife, dates from 1434. It is painted in oils on an oak panel. The painting is immediately striking for the sense of realism that it creates. This is due to two factors light and perspective. The two figures are visualized centre-left field and centre-right of the painting. The faces of both figures are illuminated by the light which streams in from a window on the left of the painting. The chiaroscuro of their clothing gives a sense of depth and richness to the mate rial, while the feet of Arnolfini and the ceiling of the room are in darkness, framing the two figures. A pair of shoes cast

Applying value expectancy theory, or the theory of reasoned action or Research Paper

Applying value expectancy theory, or the theory of cereb calculate action or planned behavior, to a potential HIV prevention program in Tanzania - look Paper ExampleHuman Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency (AIDS) together form a disease that has decimated a lot of people globally and has seen the productive people fall to it (Whiteside 2008). As of 2007/08, the HIV prevalence rate in Tanzania had fallen to 5.7% with women having 6.6% while men had 4.6%. This was a fall from 7.0% with 7.7% in the 6,000 women who were tested and 4.3% in men, 4,900 of whom were tested. This knowledge was accessed from the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2009.As a result of this intervention, the women in Tanzania are anticipated to inspire in several moods. First of all, the women are expected to become more assertive in the households as far as sex is concerned. This translates that women being able to negotiate for sex with their partners and in effect extend the use of condoms. At the same time, the high risk category is projected to be knowledgeable on the benefits of using condoms. They are expected to start taking precautionary measures, as well as, educating their fellow women on the same. The high risk group in this case mainly encompasses commercial sex workers.The value of assessing this behavioral intention is to allow the strategists redesign in effective messages and also allow the formulation of more effective and current version. As Fishbein (2000) has stated, there is no need to formulate new theories of behavior change. The existing ones are effective when applied well. In that regard, as he has stated, targeting a specific behavior for change will effectively bring about the needed change. If the women can be well informed of the risks that they face through unprotected sex, they can then change for the better.This figure displays the interrelationship of different factors in the shaping of behavior. This model, espoused by Fishbein (2000), indicated the way that behavior of women using condoms will be

Global civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global refinement - Essay ExampleThe legend of Napoleon came about in form of effective internal governance. codification of Napoleon and other associated functions were the gift of his works. Napoleon Bonaparte consolidated his power and in turn enforced the influence of France in the roles of Europe. For next fifteen years Napoleon single handedly took upon the rest of the European states and created panic in their ranks.The Tsarist government and rule came to an end towards the later part of First orb War. It was brought about by number of events. The disturbances and nerviness within could be felt from the middle of 19th century. The decay of the monarchy from within was another factor. The appearance of the likes of Rasputin did not help the cause and made it further worse. The elements of Rasputin only added controversy and scandal to the existence of the monarchy (Garrard & Newell, 2006, 180). The war with Japan did not go too well either. The Dumas established as an st ress to bring about reforms did not auger well for the Tsar.In the light of these events, the commoners were dissatisfied and demanded a revolution. Vladimir Lenin was the open of this entire movement and he organized the party of Bolsheviks in an effective manner to stage an unbalance and revolution.Woodrow Wilson was the first American President who aimed at breaking the American isolation from the global affairs. This came about in the form of the 14 points of Woodrow Wilson at the end of the First World War. Being an important global player, it aimed at imposing its influence and contributing towards the global peace. The 14 points were an effort towards restoration of the peace and avoiding of similar affair and account. Woodrow Wilson had aimed at bringing about an early end to the war that was causing repoint damages to the humanity.Although on that point were number of significant points in the 14 point agenda, yet the establishment of the League of Nations was one of th e direct gifts of Woodrow Wilsons ideas.

Making Table Wine at Home Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ma king Table Wine at Home - Article ExampleSometimes, you think that it is always easier to purchase booze than to make it. Think again. If your ancestors do them in their own homes centuries ago, there is no reason why you brush asidenot make it when it is already the twenty- archetypical century. You incur the technology to make wine in your own homes without having to stomp on your grapes as ancient winemakers did. My granny has been making wines for our families for the past forty years. I recently learned how to do it, and I am knowing to say that homemade wine rump taste just as good as some other high-quality branded wines. I will explain three steps in making wine preparing in all materials, fermenting and racking the wine, and bottling the wine. Let us start with the first step of making wine, which is preparing all materials and ingredients. The first step is to prep be all the materials and ingredients needed. You will need criterion and intermediate wine making pieces of equipment and raw materials. The standard winemaking pieces of equipment are carboy, iris jaw type floor corker, wine press, and thermometer (Great Homemade Wine). The intermediate materials are corks, empty glass bottles, oak, brush, clamp, tubing, and siphon (Great Homemade Wine). The raw materials or ingredients you need are grapes, wine yeast, and sugar, as well as sulfite tablets. (Wineintro.com). I recommend fresh grapes instead of grape juice because the former can provide high-quality wine (Cooke 4). I further suggest that you select Cabernet Sauvignon grapes if you have those in your area because it is the king among wine grapes (Warrick 14). Or, you can choose whatsoever type of grapes from the species of Vitis vinifera, because they tend to ripen with the right amounts of sugar, acids, and pinch compounds (Warrick 14). For water, spring water is suggested, because it has the right amount of minerals, but no chlorine (Peragine 40). For sugar, you can experimen t with any kind of sugars, although you can use invert sugar. For yeast, choose the yeast specifically used for wines, called wine yeast, to dumbfound a better tasting wine (Warrick 14). You similarly have to sanitize the area and types of equipment. You have to light your work area and make sure that there is no clutter that will intervene with your winemaking. You also have to wash your equipment. You can use commercial winemaking cleansers that can be bought from many winemaking shops, or you can use bleach (Wineintro.com). You should be able to clean your carboys and other equipment as meticulously as possible (Wineintro.com). Part of the preparation is making sure that the grapes are crushed already. You can rakehell a crusher from small wineries or shops, or you can buy one. Before the primary fermentation can start, the grapes have to be crushed to produce the juice, pulp and skins, which are also called must (Great Homemade Wine). subsequently preparing your ingredients and cleaning your materials, it is now time to ferment and rack the wine. Your second step is to ferment and rack the wine (Wineintro.com). There are two ways for fermentation that can be used (Great Homemade Wine).